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Objective To learn the epidemic characteristics and time trends of drowning-induced mortality among the Ningbo residents aged less than 20 years and to provide the scientific evidence for developing drowning prevention strategies. Methods Data were obtained from the death registry system in Ningbo City during 2002-2015 for descriptive analysis, and a linear regression model on an absolute scale or a log scale of the relevant indexes was mainly used to identify the time trends. Results There were all 982 deaths owning to drowning among the Ningbo residents aged under 20 years, with the average crude mortality of 6.23/100000. And the average crude drowning-induced mortality was 8.74/100000, 3.59/100000, 3.85/100000 and 7.64/100000 for the male, female, urban and rural respectively. The standardized mortality rate for drowning showed a significant decreasing trend with the Annual Percent Change (APC) of -9.71% (P<0.001) . APC for the male was -10.03% (P<0.001), higher than -9.64% for the female (P=0.001) . Meanwhile, APC for the urban was-14.51% (P<0.001), also higher than -8.71% for the rural (P<0.001) . The most deaths occurred in the nature water body (90.04%) . Conclusion Though the drowning-induced mortality among the Ningbo residents aged less than 20 years revealed a significance of the decreasing trends, and drowning still emerged as a serious public health issue. Gender parity and regional disparities should take into account when developing some intervention strategies.
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Objective To learn the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) and related factors among 15-74 year-old residents in Ningbo. Methods Multistage random sampling method was used and 5280 residents aged 15-74 years were interviewed by trained researchers with a structured questionnaire, and physical examination and related metabolic biochemical data were collected as well. The criterion of International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) were applied for MS diagnosis. Results The crude MS prevalence was 29.38%, and the standardized prevalence was 27.59%. The MS prevalence was a little higher in males (28.83%) than in females (26.33%) . The prevalence of MS and its components increased with age, and an abrupt increase of the prevalence of MS started at age of 55 in females. The most common combination of MS individual components was central obesity, high TG, low HDL-C and hypertension. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that aging, smoking, family history of fat and hypertension would increase the risk of MS. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of MS in Ningbo residents. It is necessary to screen and find MS high-risk groups as soon as possible, and comprehensive measures should be adopted to reduce the incidence of MS in Ningbo as well, so as to effectively reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, and to promote comprehensive health of people.
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Objective This study aimed to evaluate the model of integrated drowning interventions for the floating children in Ningbo City.Methods A two -year program of integrated drowning intervention had been carried out in Ningbo City since 2013,and the floating children in Jiangbei District and Yinzhou District were selected as the experiment and control group respectively.Baseline and final survey was all conducted in these two groups.A total of 7 736 and 7730 students from 1 st -9 th grade in the Migrant Workers'Children Schools were recruited by multi -stage random sampling and surveyed by the self -reported questionnaires in these two surveys respectively.The unconditional logistic regression model was adopted mainly for the multivariate analysis.Results The incidence rate of non -fatal drowning for the floating children in the experiment group after intervention was 4.45%,being significantly lower than 13.12% before intervention (χ2 =188.293,P <0.001).While the incidence rate of non -fatal drowning in the control group after intervention was 7.47%, having no significant difference with 6.90% before intervention (χ2 =0.896,P =0.344).And the probability of non -fatal drowning for the intervention group was 0.762 time of the control group.Conclusion The model of integrated drowning interventions,based on the ecological approach and initiated by Ningbo,was proven to be effective and worth popularizing.
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Objective To explore the current profile of drowning related high risk behaviors among the floating children inNingbo City and to identify the risk factors on these behaviors.Methods A total of 7 600 students from grade 1 -9 ineight urban migrant workers'children schools were recruited and surveyed by the questionnaires.And the logistic regressionmodel was used for the analysis of risk factors.Results In last one year,without adult supervision,the incidence rate ofdrowning related high risk behaviors was 27.53%.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that males (OR =2.30,95%CI:1.99 ~2.65),senior grade (OR =1.23,95%CI:1.18 ~1.27),other juvenile companion on the way toschools (OR =1.26,95%CI:1.06 ~1.51),being able to swim (OR =2.09,95%CI:1.77 ~2.46)and there being theopen water around school and home (OR =1.75,95%CI:1.52 ~2.00)could increase the incidence of drowning relatedhigh risk behaviors.And higher awareness of drowning prevention (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),higher rate ofcorrect attitude (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),getting along well with schoolmates (OR =0.69,95%CI:0.51 ~0.95)and with family members (OR =0.33,95%CI:0.24 ~0.46)could reduce the incidence of drowning related highrisk behaviors.Conclusion The incidence rate of drowning related high risk behaviors was high among the floatingchildren in Ningbo City,and males,being able to swim might increase the occurrence of high risk behaviors.
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Objective To learn the current situation of Quality of Life (QoL)among patients with various Chronic Diseases (CDs)and the effects of CDs on QoL.Methods Data was from the fifth health service survey in Ningbo City with self -reported CDs cases and QoL was measured by EQ -5D scale.Semi -parameter Additive Models and Semi -parameter Generalized Additive Models (GAMs)were used to analyze influencing factor of QoL.Results Different CDs had different effects on EQ -5D index,with the most severe impairments for stroke which was followed by tumor,COPD,diabetes and hypertension successively.Stroke,tumor and diabetes could improve the probability of self -reporting "problems"in all five dimensions (including mobility,self -care,usual activities,pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression dimension)and COPD could only increase the probability of self -reporting "problems"in dimension of usual activities.Hypertension could affect the other four dimensions except for the dimension of anxiety/depression.The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI)and EQ -5D index was appeared inversed U -shaped with the maximum EQ -5D index located around the BMI of 20.90.Conclusion Different CDs had different effects on QoL and reaching optimal BMI was beneficial to improve the QoL.